Influence of Aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) as a Natural Feed Additive on Cecal Fermentation Kinetics of Some Forage Species in Horse Feeding

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dose levels of aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) on in vitro cecal gas, methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) productions of five forage species (Avena sativa [hay]), Moringa oleifera, Caesalpinia coriacea, Salix babylonica, and Eichhornia crassipes using inocula from the horse. The forage samples were incubated with three doses of aguamiel: 0, 34, and 68 μg of aguamiel/g dry matter (DM) of substrate. Cecal inocula were collected from four adult female Criolla horses (3–4 years of age and weighing 300 ± 15.0 kg) grazed on native grasses for about 8 hours without supplementation. Forage type affected (P < .001) cecal asymptotic, rate and lag time of gas, CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g DM), pH and DM degradability. Aguamiel dose had linear and quadratic effects (P < .05) on the asymptotic and rate of CH₄ productions and rate and lag time of CO₂ productions (mL/g DM). Forage type × aguamiel dose interactions were significant (P < .05) for asymptotic, rate and lag time of gas, and CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g DM). Forage species effects were pronounced (P < .05) on CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g incubated and degraded DM) and proportional CH₄ production at all hours of incubation, except for CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM). Aguamiel dose affected (P < .05) CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM) and proportional CO₂ production at the incubated hours. Forage type × aguamiel dose interactions were observed (P < .05) for CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM) and proportional CO₂ production at the incubated hours but had no impact on CH₄ production. It is concluded that addition of aguamiel to five forage species affected fermentation kinetics of gas production resulting in different in vitro cecal gas, CH₄ and CO₂ productions from these substrates.     

The importance of sub‐peat carbon storage as shown by data from Dartmoor,UK

Peatlands are highly valued for their range of ecosystem services, including distinctive biodiversity, agricultural uses, recreational amenities, water provision, river flow regulation and their capacity to store carbon. There have been a range of estimates of carbon stored in peatlands in the United Kingdom, but uncertainties remain, in particular with regard to depth and bulk density of peat. In addition, very few studies consider the full profile with depth in carbon auditing. The importance of sub‐peat soils within peatland carbon stores has been recognized, but remains poorly understood and is included rarely within peatland carbon audits. This study examines the importance of the carbon store based on a study of blanket peat on Dartmoor, UK, by estimating peat depths in a 4 × 1 km survey area using ground penetrating radar (GPR), extraction of 43 cores across a range of peat depth, and estimation of carbon densities based on measures of loss‐on‐ignition and bulk density. Comparison of GPR estimates of peat depth with core depths shows excellent agreement, to provide the basis for a detailed understanding of the distribution of peat depths within the survey area. Carbon densities of the sub‐peat soils are on average 78 and 53 kg C/m³ for the overlying blanket peat. There is considerable spatial variability in the estimates of total carbon from each core across the survey area, with values ranging between 56.5 kg C/m² (1.01 m total depth of peat and soil) and 524 kg C/m² (6.63 m total depth). Sub‐peat soil carbon represents between 4 and 28 per cent (mean 13.5) of the total carbon stored, with greater values for shallower peat. The results indicate a significant and previously unaccounted store of carbon within blanket peat regions which should be included in future calculations of overall carbon storage. It is argued that this store needs to be considered in carbon audits.     

传统平房仓技术改造双低储粮试验

通过在传统平房仓实施保温、密闭和制冷技术改造的同时,对仓内存储的成品粮实施绿色低氧保管。解决了成品粮易变质、难度夏的保管难题,确保储粮安全。     

24-表油菜素内酯对杏果实贮藏品质的影响

以新疆赛买提杏为试验原料,选用0.9 mg/L的24-表油菜素内酯(24-epibrassionolide,EBR)对杏果实进行10 min的浸泡处理,将处理后的果实取出晾干后贮藏在温度为4℃、相对湿度(RH)90%~95%的冷库中,以蒸馏水处理为对照,定期测定相关指标,研究24-表油菜素内酯处理对杏果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,24-表油菜素内酯处理可以延缓杏果实贮藏期间可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量的下降,有效降低杏果实的自然发病率,并能有效延缓呼吸速率和失重率的上升。     

食用菌生物保鲜技术研究进展

食用菌兼具营养及药用价值,被公认为"现代保健食品",已成为继植物性、动物性食品之外的第三类食品--菌物性食品。食用菌含水量高、组织脆嫩,在采收和贮运过程中容易受到损伤,引起褐变、变质或腐烂等,严重影响其食用性和商品价值,因此食用菌保鲜技术受到广泛关注。本文探讨了影响食用菌采后保鲜效果的因素,对近年来国内外食用菌生物保鲜技术的研究进展进行了综述,提出了食用菌生物保鲜技术的未来发展方向。     

8℃相变蓄冷技术

指出了自“十二五”规划以来,可持续发展和能源结构转型成为我国政府工作的重中之重,合理利用能源为人类社会创造更加美好的现代生活已经成为社会的共识。蓄冷技术能够按需实现能量的存储和释放,从宏观上起到“移峰填谷”平衡电网的作用;我国电力系统实行分时计价政策,从微观上可以利用峰谷电价差为用户节省制冷系统的运行费用。8℃相变蓄冷技术兼备了传统水蓄冷和冰蓄冷的优点,具有蓄冷密度大、系统简单的突出优点,是当前蓄冷技术研究和应用的前沿方向,市场前景十分广阔。     

采后减压预处理对番木瓜果实贮藏品质及抗氧化活性的影响

以"日升"品种番木瓜果实为材料,研究了不同梯度的减压预处理(0 MPa(常压),0.025、0.050、0.075 MPa)对15℃贮藏条件下番木瓜果实品质变化和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:减压处理能显著延缓番木瓜果实硬度下降,延缓可溶性固形物(TSS)、抗坏血酸(VC)、类黄酮及总酚含量的变化,维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抑制丙二醛的积累,有利于番木瓜果实贮藏品质和抗氧化能力的保持,而且以0.050 MPa处理的保鲜效果最为显著。     

不同贮藏方式对鲜食核桃品质的影响

为研究不同贮藏方式对鲜食核桃在贮藏过程中品质的影响，以“清香”核桃鲜果为试材，分别采用青果贮藏（(0±1) ℃、相对湿度70%～80%）、去青皮的湿果贮藏（(-7±1) ℃、相对湿度70%～80%）及湿果真空贮藏（(-7±1) ℃、相对湿度70%～80%）3种方式贮藏，每15 d对其品质指标进行观察测定。结果表明：随着贮藏时间的延长，所有贮藏方式处理的鲜食核桃的感官品质和营养成分均呈一定的下降趋势。其中，青果贮藏能较好地保持核仁的含水量，维持粗脂肪、蛋白质及可溶性糖含量的稳定性，贮藏后种皮色泽较好，核仁容易剥皮、风味较好，但果壳容易产生霉变；湿果贮藏和湿果真空贮藏可以减轻鲜核桃的霉变，延长了鲜核桃贮藏期，但随着贮藏时间的延长，湿果贮藏核仁水分散失较快，粗脂肪、蛋白质及可溶性糖含量变化较大，使得种皮色泽降低，核仁剥皮困难、风味下降。     

木薯块根贮藏保鲜的影响因素及保鲜技术研究进展

简述了组织结构特性、采后生理特性、酶、营养成分等因素对木薯块根耐贮性的影响，总结了木薯块根贮藏保鲜技术在国内外的研究进展，包括采前处理、隔氧保鲜、低温贮藏、热处理、药剂处理、短波紫外保鲜等方面的研究情况，同时指出了木薯块根贮藏保鲜中存在的问题并提出了今后的研究展望。